How to View/Partition/Format/Mount HDD/SSD
Contents
How to view the HDD
1. Check USB device
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ lsusb Bus 002 Device 004: ID 152d:0561 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp. JMS551 - Sharkoon SATA QuickPort Duo Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2109:3431 VIA Labs, Inc. Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
The first line indicates that the USB device has been correctly recognized by the OS.
2. View HDD/SSD
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ fdisk -l fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram0: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram1: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram2: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram3: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram4: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram5: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram6: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram7: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram8: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram9: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram10: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram11: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram12: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram13: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram14: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/ram15: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/mmcblk0: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/sda: Permission denied fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdb: Permission denied
The last two lines indicate that 2 SSDs devices were found. (sda and sdb)
3. Check if the hard disk is partitioned.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 74.53 GiB, 80026361856 bytes, 156301488 sectors Disk model: Tech Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 33553920 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x65b1c901 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 65535 156301487 156235953 74.5G 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Command (m for help):
The above result tells us that SDA already has a partition: /dev/sda1
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 74.53 GiB, 80026361856 bytes, 156301488 sectors Disk model: Tech Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 33553920 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x65b1c901 Command (m for help):
The above result tells us that SDA has no partitions
If the hard disk is not partitioned, we need to partition the hard disk
How to Partition a HDD
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 74.53 GiB, 80026361856 bytes, 156301488 sectors
Disk model: Tech
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 33553920 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x65b1c901
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (65535-156301487, default 65535):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (65535-156301487, default 156301487):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 74.5 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 74.53 GiB, 80026361856 bytes, 156301488 sectors
Disk model: Tech
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 33553920 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x65b1c901
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 65535 156301487 156235953 74.5G 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Note: If you need to support partitions larger than 2TB, you need to use the parted command
How to format HDD/SSD
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021) /dev/sda1 alignment is offset by 512 bytes. This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested. Creating filesystem with 19529494 4k blocks and 4882432 inodes Filesystem UUID: dc0c2c55-145e-440d-a648-c4909b13c021 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (131072 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
How to mount HDD/SSD Partition
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt pi@raspberrypi:~ $ df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/root 30354572 8071072 20942064 28% / devtmpfs 793780 0 793780 0% /dev tmpfs 958644 0 958644 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 383460 1296 382164 1% /run tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock /dev/mmcblk0p1 258095 50413 207683 20% /boot tmpfs 191728 24 191704 1% /run/user/1000 /dev/sda1 76314492 24 72392188 1% /mnt
'/dev/sda1' is mounted under /mnt
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